Die Zeitfunktionen und die Sommerzeit (DST)

[thorr]

Hallo,

ich habe Probleme mit den time-Funktionen, die C anbietet, bezüglich der Sommerzeit bzw. der Zeitumstellung ansich.

Ich befülle ein struct tm mit Datumsangaben. Damit mktime aus der Ortszeit inklusive Sommer-/Winterzeit den korrekten Zeitstempel bestimmt, setze ich tm_isdst auf -1. Allerdings ist die Implentierung von C wohl der Meinung, dass die Zeit in diesem Jahr am 3. April umgestellt würde, was jedoch nicht der Fall ist. Die Zeitumstellung findet hierzulande bereits eine Woche zuvor am 27. März statt.

Der Zeitumstellungstermin, dessen sich C bedient, ist derjenige, der in Mexiko und den US-amerikanischer Nachbarstaaten praktiziert wird.

Kennt jemand ähnliche Probleme und hat jemand eine Idee, wie man das Problem umgehen könnte? Das System ist bereits auf die mitteleuropäische Zeit eingestellt, damit einher müsste ja auch der entsprechende Umstellungstermin für die DST gehen.

Gruß

[Wutz]

Du solltest mal mit

setlocale(LC_ALL,"");

die current locale deines Programmes auf die aktuelle Umgebung einstellen und dann darauf hoffen, dass deine aktuelle C-Runtime das auswertet und was anderes ausrechnet als für die Standard-Locale "C", die immer US-amerikanische Defaults benutzt.

[SeppJ]

Oder, falls die Default-Locale deines Systems "C" sein sollte (was durchaus nicht ungewöhnlich wäre), kannst du auch gezielt eine gewünschte Locale angeben. Das funktioniert leider nur, wenn dein System über eine Locale mit exakt diesem Namen verfügt. Typische Localenamen für "Deutsch" könnten so etwas wie "de_DE", "de-DE" oder auch einfach "German" oder "German_Germany" sein, gerne auch noch mit einer Zeichencodierung am Ende a la "de_DE.uft8".

[Wutz]

Ich stelle gerade fest, dass setlocale wohl keine Auswirkungen auf struct tm.tm_isdst hat, denn unter (deutschem) Windows wird nur die deutsche Sommerzeit berechnet und nicht die in den USA (13.3.2016):

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <locale.h>

struct tm makeDate(int day, int month, int year)
{
  struct tm ttm = { 0 };
  ttm.tm_mday = day;
  ttm.tm_mon = month - 1;
  ttm.tm_year = year - 1900;
  return ttm;
}
int main()
{
  struct tm date,
  startDate = makeDate(1, 1, 2016),
  endDate = makeDate(31, 12, 2016);
  time_t end = mktime(&endDate);

  printf("%s\n",setlocale(LC_ALL,"DEU")); /* "USA" */

  for (date = startDate; end >= mktime(&date); ++date.tm_mday)
  {
    printf("%d %s",date.tm_isdst,asctime(&date));
  }
  return 0;
}

German_Germany.1252
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English_United States.1252
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[thorr]

Vielen Dank für eure Antworten.

SeppJ schrieb:

Oder, falls die Default-Locale deines Systems "C" sein sollte (was durchaus nicht ungewöhnlich wäre), kannst du auch gezielt eine gewünschte Locale angeben.

Ich habe mal die Runtime entscheiden lassen und diese schaltet auf "German_Germany.850" um. Das dürfte wohl die passende Locale sein.

Wie Wutz schreibt, hat das jedoch keinen Effekt auf den Termin der Zeitumstellung. Wenn ich unter Linux die GCC verwende, erhalte ich die richtigen Ergebnisse. Es scheint wohl an der Library des Borland Compilers zu liegen, den ich unter Windows verwende.

Ist zwar ärgerlich, aber da mein Programm später ohnehin auf Linux laufen wird, nicht weiter tragisch. Ich werde meine Entwicklungsumgebung aber dann wohl auf Linux umziehen müssen.

Vielen Dank noch einmal für eure Mühen.

[DirkB]

Die Zeitzone hat eigentlich nichts mit den Einstellungen für die Zahlendarstellung zu tun.
Wenn nur die Zeitzone auf CET geändert wird (Windows 7 Enterprise) kommt:

German_Germany.1252
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[Wutz]

Portabel kann man aber Zeitzonen nicht ändern, da braucht man tzset (und putenv).
Ich habs mal versucht, da M$ aber wieder mal eigene Wege geht, etwas umständlich, bessere Lösungen sind willkommen:

http://ideone.com/fCXJxf

#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>

struct tm makeDate(int day, int month, int year)
{
  struct tm ttm = { 0 };
  ttm.tm_mday = day;
  ttm.tm_mon = month - 1;
  ttm.tm_year = year - 1900;
  return ttm;
}

int main()
{
  struct tm date,
    startDate = makeDate(1, 1, 2016),
    endDate = makeDate(31, 12, 2016);
  time_t end = mktime(&endDate);

#ifdef __int64  /* VisualC+MinGW */
#else
  extern char *tzname[2];  /* Linux/POSIX */
  extern long timezone;
  extern int daylight;
  putenv("TZ=CET-1CEST,M3.5.0/2,M10.5.0/3");
#endif
  tzset(); printf("%d %ld %s %s\n", daylight, timezone, tzname[0], tzname[1]);
  for (date = startDate; end >= mktime(&date); ++date.tm_mday)
  {
    printf("%d %s", date.tm_isdst, asctime(&date));  /* Berlin */
  }

  putenv("TZ=EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0");
  tzset(); printf("%d %ld %s %s\n", daylight, timezone, tzname[0], tzname[1]);
  for (date = startDate; end >= mktime(&date); ++date.tm_mday)
  {
    printf("%d %s", date.tm_isdst, asctime(&date)); /* New York */
  }

  return 0;
}